Appendix A: Chronology of Deterding and Shell support for Nazi Germany

• 1931: Press reports linked Deterding to discussions over a possible benzine monopoly in Germany.
• 1932: Dutch press speculation identified Deterding as a possible funder of the National Socialists while the Nazi Party was heavily in debt.
• 1933: After Hitler took power, Shell’s German subsidiary Rhenania-Ossag issued touring maps and publicity stressing Shell’s contribution to the German economy.
• 1933: Shell material claimed that the German economy had received 170 million Reichsmarks from the Shell Group.
• 1933: Contemporaries such as Johannes Steel described Deterding, George Bell, and Rosenberg as part of a wider anti-Soviet and pro-Hitler financing nexus.
• 1934: Reuters reported a four-day meeting between Deterding and Hitler at Berchtesgaden involving monopoly and supply discussions.
• 1934: Further reports suggested proposals involving very large loans or credit linked to petrol distribution in Germany.
• 1935: Press reporting continued to connect Deterding with monopoly ambitions and long-term fuel arrangements inside Nazi Germany.
• December 1936: The first major Winterhilfswerk-linked food donation was announced before Deterding’s retirement as Director-General took effect on 31 December 1936.
• December 1936: Reports described 10 million guilders being made available to buy Dutch produce for shipment to Germany, with the proceeds linked to Winter Help.
• 1936 to 1937: One report stated that 7,000 railway wagons were needed for the first immense delivery.
• 1947: A Nuremberg-related tribunal document treated contributions to Winterhilfswerk as an important form of support to Hitler and the Nazi Party.